As
Bill prepared an Elder’s Quorum lesson, he vaguely recalled a
quote from a past general conference, which, he thought, would
enhance his lesson. Not remembering the exact quote, nor even
who said it and when, Bill turned to the Internet and entered
a search with a couple of key words and the word “Mormon.” Bill
perused the various “hits” returned by the search engine and found
that some of the web pages were hostile to the Church.
Initially
he simply ignored these pages and continued searching through
faithful web sites. At times, however, he found it difficult
– upon an initial glance – to distinguish some hostile web sites
verses faithful web sites. Some hostile sites appeared harmless
until he read a little further.
One
site in particular caught his attention and he began to read more
and more of the claims made by the web site’s author. At first
Bill dismissed the claims – he had heard similar anti-Mormon arguments
while on his mission and they hadn’t affected him then. As he
continued reading, however, he came upon more difficult questions;
questions for which he had no answers. Some of the charges made
against the Church, Joseph Smith, and the Book of Mormon were
disturbing.
“These
charges can’t be true,” Bill told himself, yet the article seemed
to be well researched and was even footnoted. Bill reminded himself
that he knew – by a spiritual witness from God – that the Church
was true. Nevertheless, he felt an uneasiness in his stomach.
Were there answers to these accusations?
Bill
fully understood that the greatest religious truths (such as the
existence of God) must be accepted on faith, yet he wondered how
the Book of Mormon could be true if what the critics were claiming
was correct. Bill clung tightly to his spiritual witness but
it had been shaken. He wished there was some intellectual answers
to these criticisms.
While
the foregoing story is fictional, it is nonetheless similar to
the experience of at least a few members of the Church. Since
Joseph Smith’s First Vision, there have been some who have made
it their goal to revile his name his work, and his legacy. And
since before the Book of Mormon came from the printing press,
there have been critics who have denounced it as fictional, delusional,
or blasphemous. Why do some people assail the Church? Should
we respond to critics? How should we deal with hard questions
and accusations? Were can we find answers?
Why
Do Some People Assail the Church?
During
Moroni’s initial visit with Joseph, the angel told the seventeen
year-old would-be-prophet that his “name should be had for good
and evil among all nations, kindreds, and tongues, or that it
should be both good and evil spoken of among all people” (Joseph
Smith-History 1:33). This prophecy has certainly come to pass.
Thomas Ford, who was governor of Illinois from 1842 to 1846 and
was pivotal in the events leading to Joseph’s martyrdom, claimed:
Joe Smith [was] the most successful imposter in modern times;
a man who, though ignorant and coarse, ...was fitted for temporary
success, but... never could succeed in establishing a system of
policy which looked to permanent success in the future. [i]
Yet
nearly two centuries later, the Church is over eleven million
strong with temples dotting the globe. As non-LDS sociologist
Rodney Stark noted in 1984, the Church shows all the signs of
“‘the rise of a new world religion,’” and he predicted that
“‘the Mormons will soon achieve a worldwide following comparable
to that of Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and the other
dominant world faiths.’” [ii] And in accordance with Moroni’s prophecy,
we find that as the number of Saints increase, there is a growth
in the number of detractors or critics.
Who
are those who attack our faith? The term “anti-Mormon” was originally
self-applied by members of a political party who were opposed
to early Mormon bloc voting. [iii] Today there are a
variety of critics – from disbelievers, to detractors, to hard-core
anti-Mormons. Some are former members and some have never been
members. Some are so-called, or self-styled “intellectuals” who
do not believe in God and some are ministers of other faiths.
Are
all critics or disbelievers modern-day anti-Mormons? Certainly
not. Disagreeing with LDS doctrine does not make someone an anti-Mormon,
but there are certain critics who would like to see the demise
of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. How can we
differentiate between disagreeing nonbelievers and anti-Mormons?
In some ways it’s difficult to set parameters to categorize such
critics.
Yet
as Justice Potter Stewart once said about attempts to define pornography:
“I know it when I see it.” [iv]
Anti-Mormons often disregard the facts, current research, and
the sacred beliefs of Latter-day Saints. They frequently engage
in techniques that are aimed at destroying the faith of tender-testimonied
Latter-day Saints or investigators, and are not usually interested
in dialogue or reaching the truth. Many critics often “poison
the well” by getting non-LDS or perspective converts to shut their
minds, hearts, and doors to anything presented by Mormons or missionaries.
Winning the argument by proving Mormonism fraudulent is more important
than actually understanding Mormon issues. [v]
Why
do these detractors want to see the Church fall? There are a
variety of reasons. Some are bitter because they’ve been offended
by members of the Church or because they have seen the human-side
of LDS leaders. Others may attack the Church out of pride – pride
in their supposed intelligence; they no longer need the “crutch”
of religion. Others may recognize that they know more about early
LDS history than is generally taught in Sunday School, Seminary,
or Institute and thus come to believe that they also know more
about spiritual things than the Prophets.
Such
people often assume that they have the inside “scoop” to the real
LDS faith and that only the naïve’ or uninformed could believe
the stories told in Church. When pride replaces humility, criticism
of others – especially leaders – is often a consort. President
Kimball once noted
Apostasy usually begins with question and doubt and criticism.
It is a retrograding and devolutionary process. The seeds of doubt
are planted by unscrupulous or misguided people, and seldom directed
against the doctrine at first, but more often against the leaders. [vi]
Others
resort to attacking the Church to hide their own sins. “Those
who leave the Church, clothed in deeds of darkness,” note McConkie
and Millet, are all too often “...found attempting to expose the
Church or demean its doctrines—activities necessitated by their
guilt, for they realize that if the Church is true they are servants
of darkness and must needs repent.” [vii]
Some
may be led by the spirit of the adversary, and some are sincere
people who believe they are doing mankind (or God) a service by
exposing the supposed falsity of Mormonism. Sincere critics may
feel that Latter-day Saints are deluded and misguided and need
to be rescued from a false Christianity.
There
are also some members who leave the Church simply because they
no longer believe. Such people generally do not have a spiritual
testimony and they are not able to reconcile what they see as
difficult issues. Some of these former-members simply walk away
from the Church and embark on their own search for happiness.
Others depart from the Church but are drawn back to it in vengeance
– angrily claiming that they had been duped or misled. They may
want to draw others away from the Church to join them in their
animosity toward Mormonism. As Elder Neal Maxwell expressed:
Church members will live in this wheat-and-tares situation
until the Millennium. Some real tares even masquerade as wheat,
including the few eager individuals who lecture the rest of us
about Church doctrines in which they no longer believe. They criticize
the use of Church resources to which they no longer contribute.
They condescendingly seek to counsel the Brethren whom they no
longer sustain. Confrontive, except of themselves, of course,
they leave the Church, but they cannot leave
the Church alone. [viii]
Who
is at risk of losing their testimony because of the words and
writings of detractors?
For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and
shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were
possible, they shall deceive the very elect (Matt. 24:24).
We
don’t generally think that this verse could apply to us. Who
would accept a “false Christ” or “false prophet”? And what “great
signs and wonders” could such a false prophet show that would
lead a Latter-day Saint out of the Church?
What
is a “false Christ”? A “false Christ” is someone or something
that stands in the place of the real Christ. So a false
Christ could be money, power, pride, a philosophy, or a host of
other things. A false prophet, therefore, would be someone who
would entice us to something other than Christ or into rejecting
the true Christ.
What
types of “signs and wonders” might such a prophet have up his
sleeve? Perhaps this might entail clever sounding arguments, or
scientific or empirical data that might be used (in my view incorrectly)
in a way that suggests that Christ is not real, or that the Restored
Gospel is false. We know that personal (and on several occasions,
institutional) apostasies have happened in the past – among which
we might include the loss of one third of the hosts of pre-mortal
heaven, the apostasy of some of Joseph Smith’s closest friends,
and the loss today of some Church members who have been “tossed
to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by
the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness” (Ephesians 4:14).
Should
We Respond to Critics?
The answer would have to be “no” and a qualified “yes.”
“Confound your enemies,” the Lord said, “call upon them to meet
you both in public and in private; and inasmuch as ye are faithful
their shame shall be made manifest. Wherefore, let them bring
forth their strong reasons against the Lord.” (D&C 71:7-8).
While a few knowledgeable Latter-day Saints may be able to engage
critics directly, there is generally little to be gained by debating
detractors. Responding to sincere seekers of truth, however (such
as members or investigators who have been shaken by critical claims),
can salvage testimonies by demonstrating the strength of the Gospel.
Harold
B. Lee once said:
The term “elder,” which is applied to all holders of the Melchizedek
Priesthood, means a defender of the faith. That is our prime responsibility
and calling. Every holder of the Melchizedek Priesthood is to
be a defender of the faith. [ix]
Likewise,
Joseph Fielding Smith once said: “Every member of the Church ought
to know that... [the Book of Mormon] is true, and we ought to
be prepared with an answer to all those critics who condemn it.” [x] Through the years the Church has either
published rebuttals to anti-Mormon charges, or has urged certain
members to respond to detractors.
The
Messenger and Advocate, for instance, which was somewhat
like the Church News of the Ohio period of Mormonism, often
printed responses to anti-Mormon attacks. [xi]
George Q. Cannon (counselor to four prophets) frequently
sent letters to national newspapers defending against anti-Mormon
editorials. [xii]
George A. Smith (first counselor to Brigham Young) said that since
he was a young lad he had been an “advocate of the Book of Mormon,
and have never suffered it to be slandered nor spoken against
without saying something in its favour.” [xiii]
At
other times, Church leaders have encouraged knowledgeable Latter-day
Saints to refute attacks on the Church. [xiv] The Church’s official web site (
has also recently posted articles dealing with claims
by some detractors that DNA research refutes the historicity of
the Book of Mormon. [xv]
Why
then the qualified “yes” as to the question of whether
we should respond to detractors? There are at least four qualifiers
to consider.
- The Spirit, not Argument, Converts
It
is important to understand that spiritual things must be spiritually
discerned. “If they hear not Moses and the prophets,” said the
Lord, “neither will they be persuaded though one rose from the
dead” (Luke 16:31). During Christ’s mortal ministry Peter was
taught directly from the Lord, yet his testimony of the Savior
came not from the mortal Messiah but rather from Heavenly Father.
“Blessed art thou, Simon Bar‑jona: for flesh and blood hath
not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven” (Matthew
16:17).
A
testimony of Christ and His Gospel cannot be transmitted from
one person to another; it must come by direct and individual revelation.
“‘The time will come,’” said Heber C. Kimball, “‘when no man nor
woman will be able to endure on borrowed light. Each will have
to be guided by the light within himself. If you do not have it,
how can you stand?’” [xvi]
“No
man can say that Jesus is the Lord,” wrote Paul, “but by the Holy
Ghost” (1 Cor. 12:3). Likewise, John wrote: “The testimony of
Jesus is the spirit of prophecy” (Rev. 19:10). Neither the existence
of God, nor the reality of the Resurrection, nor the divinity
of Christ, nor the authenticity of the Bible or the Book of Mormon
as the word of God, can be determined strictly by secular means.
Archaeology, for instance, has not yet confirmed the existence
of any Old Testament prophets. And while it is conceivable that
it might some day do so, it could never prove or disprove the
visions that make the prophet a significant figure. [xvii]
This
same rule applies to the Book of Mormon and Joseph Smith. As B.H.
Roberts wrote: “The Power of the Holy Ghost... must ever be the
chief source of evidence for the truth of the Book of Mormon.
All other evidence is secondary.... No arrangement of evidence,
however skillfully ordered; no argument, however adroitly made,
can ever take its place.” [xviii]
2.
Priorities
“Our
main task,” noted President Benson, “is to declare the gospel
and do it effectively. We are not obligated to answer every objection.
Every man eventually is backed up to the wall of faith,
and there he must make his stand.” [xix]
Some questions can be answered, other answers must wait. “It is
impossible,” writes Glenn Pace, “to learn all the pat answers
one would need [to respond to critics]. Even if he learned all
the hundreds he would need today, there will be hundreds more
needed tomorrow.” [xx] To answer all anti-Mormon charges
“would engross too much of our attention,” explained Charles Penrose,
“to the exclusion of subjects that are more profitable.” [xxi]
George A. Smith once commented:
We have been asked a good many times, “Why do you not publish
the truth in regard to these lies which are circulated about you?”
We might do this if we owned all the papers published in Christendom.
Who will publish a letter from me or my brethren? Who will publish
the truth from us? If it gets into one paper, it is slipped under
the counter or somewhere else; but it never gets into a second.
They will send forth lies concerning us very readily. The old
adage is that a lie will creep through the keyhole and go a thousand
miles while truth is getting out of doors; and our experience
has proved this. We have not the influence and power necessary
to refute the falsehoods circulated about us. We depend on God,
who sits in the heavens. [xxii]
3.
Is a Response Needed?
Some
things don’t need to be defended. Some critics, Elder B.H. Roberts
observed, support their allegations quoting from “the commentaries
of men, which often express only individual opinion.” [xxiii]
Only those books which are held by the Church to be Scripture
– the Bible, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, the
Pearl of Great Price – are the Elders bound to defend. These books
have been accepted by the Church as containing the word of God,
and these books the Elders at home and abroad should maintain
as absolutely true. As for the rest, they may be very useful and
instructive, but are not of the same dignity as the four books
named, and are only acceptable as they agree with our books of
Scripture. [xxiv]
LDS
critics, for example, frequently reference the Journal of Discourses;
a compilation of (mostly) nineteenth-century talks transcribed
for Saints living outside of Utah. Such critics fail to appreciate,
however, the context in which these sermons were given and recorded
(hand written), as well as the fact that the Journal of Discourses
is not part of the LDS canon.
In
earlier days of the Restored Church, nearly all sermons were given
extemporaneously. It was virtually unthinkable in nineteenth
century Mormonism to gave a memorized or pre-written sermon. [xxv]
The early Saints felt that they should preach strictly by the
Spirit. This lead to some interesting sermons, and as George
Q. Cannon noted, sometimes he – and probably other speakers –
gave sermons when their “mind[s] seemed to be entirely closed
up....” Recalling such an incident, Cannon remarked, “What few
words I could stammer forth before a congregation, were altogether
unsatisfactory to my own mind, and I presume to those who heard
me.” [xxvi] Little wonder that some things
in the Journal of Discourse seem out-of-place in what we
currently know of Gospel principles.
4.
Avoid Contention
And thou shalt declare glad tidings, yea, publish it upon the
mountains, and upon every high place, and among every people that
thou shalt be permitted to see. And thou shalt do it with all
humility, trusting in me, reviling not against revilers (D&C
19:29-30).
For verily, verily I say unto you, he that hath the spirit
of contention is not of me, but is of the devil, who is the father
of contention, and he stirreth up the hearts of men to contend
with anger, one with another. Behold, this is not my doctrine,
to stir up the hearts of men with anger, one against another;
but this is my doctrine, that such things should be done away
(3 Nephi 11:29-30).
As
Bruce R. McConkie explained,
Our divine commission is to declare glad tidings to the world,
not to quarrel with others about the meaning of texts. There are,
of course, answers to all of the false claims of those who array
themselves against us... but conversion is not found in the dens
of debate. It comes rather to those who read the Book of Mormon
in the way Moroni counseled. Most members of the Church would
be better off if they simply ignored the specious claims of the
professional anti-Mormons. [xxvii]
“We
encourage all our members,” wrote Elder Marvin J. Ashton, “to
refuse to become anti- anti-Mormon.” [xxviii]
Elder Ashton explains:
Whether accusations, innuendos, aspersions, or falsehoods are
whispered or blatantly shouted, the gospel of Jesus Christ reminds
us that we are not to retaliate nor contend. [xxix]
Never will peace and hatred be able to abide in the same soul.
Permanent peace will elude those individuals or groups whose objective
is to condemn, discredit, rail at, or tear down those whose beliefs
are different from their own. These people live by hatred and
would destroy others insofar as it is in their power to do so.
True Christians have no time for contention. Lasting peace cannot
be built while we are reviling or hating others. Those who preach
hate, ridicule, and untruths cannot be classified as peacemakers.
Until they repent they will reap the harvest to which those engaged
in the business of hatred are entitled. Feelings of enmity and
malice can never be compatible with feelings of peace. [xxx]
Where
there is contention, the Spirit cannot abide. Contentious argument
will not cause anyone to accept the Gospel or to reject anti-Mormon
falsehoods.
How
then should responses be made to anti-Mormon claims?
Dealing
with Hard Questions
And as all have not faith, seek ye diligently and teach one
another words of wisdom; yea, seek ye out of the best books words
of wisdom; seek learning, even by study and also by faith
(D&C 88:118; italics added).
“We
gain knowledge from two sources,” wrote Elder James Faust. “One
is the divine and the other is secular. Rex E. Lee has referred
to them as ‘the rational process and the extra rational process.’” [xxxi] Rational, non-contentious, argument
can open minds (and thereby hearts) to the testimony of the Spirit.
Citing C.S. Lewis (a famous non-LDS defender of Christianity),
Wm. Clayton Kimball noted,
If we are not prepared to defend our position, if “intellectuals”
do not come to the defense of the faith, this betrays the uneducated
and lays them open to the attacks of evil men. “Good philosophy
must exist, if for no other reason, because bad philosophy needs
to be answered.” The learned or intellectual life, thus, for some
becomes a duty. It becomes our offering to God, and it is our
way of serving our brethern [sic]. [xxxii]
Also
writing about C. S. Lewis, Austin Farrer once declared,
Though argument does not create conviction, lack of it destroys
belief. What seems to be proved may not be embraced; but what
no one shows the ability to defend is quickly abandoned. Rational
argument does not create belief, but it maintains a climate in
which belief may flourish. [xxxiii]
“Evidence,”
writes LDS scholar John Welch, “is ...useful in articulating knowledge
and defending against error and misrepresentation. Scholars can
serve important roles ‘as articulators’ of evidence, and when
combined with ‘submissiveness and consecration,’ solid academic
research can be useful ‘to protect and to build up the Kingdom.’” [xxxiv] Likewise, B.H. Roberts
noted: “To be known, the truth must be stated, and the clearer
and more complete the statement is, the better opportunity will
the Holy Spirit have for testifying to the souls of men that the
work is true.” [xxxv] Finally, as Elder Neal Maxwell
has declared: “‘The Church’” will not “‘be outdone by hostile
or pseudo-scholars’” [xxxvi] and the critics should not be permitted
to make “‘uncontested slam dunks.’” [xxxvii] “Let us be articulate, for while
our defense of the kingdom may not stir all hearers, the absence
of thoughtful response may cause fledglings among the faithful
to falter. What we assert may not be accepted, but unasserted
convictions soon become deserted convictions.” [xxxviii]
“Sometimes
it is wise to ignore the attacks of the wicked,” wrote LDS scholars
Hyrum M. Smith and Janne M. Sjodahl, “at other times it is necessary
to meet them, fearlessly and with ability.” [xxxix] “It is necessary,” observed Charles
Penrose (counselor to two prophets), “that the Saints should know
what is said against them, and that some one should show the other
side. When the Church is belied there ought to be a refutation
of the misstatements.” [xl] In an October 1910 Conference address,
Elder Anthony W. Ivins, remarked:
It is not often that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints pays attention to misrepresentations, but, when their doctrines
are ridiculed, when they are misrepresented, when they are spoken
of with contempt, and when these things are published and sent
broadcast to the world, by which men and women follow after the
falsehoods which are told, it becomes necessary, sometimes, to
correct them, and expose the false basis upon which men reached
conclusions in regard to the faith of the Latter-day Saints. [xli]
Who
are the Latter-day Saints who refute the critics? “The pat answers”
writes brother Pace, “eventually come from our scholars; but they
are always behind in their work.” [xlii]
Apologetics: the term means, “defending one’s position or faith” and comes
from the Greek apologetikos (from whence we also derive
the word “apology”). Those who engage in apologetics are not
apologizing for what they believe, but rather defending
what they believe. Many other Christian faiths have engaged in
apologetics in defending Christian tenets, and some Latter-day
Saints are similarly engaged in defending Mormonism against those
who would assail our beliefs. Good apologists form rational arguments
demonstrating that particular beliefs are plausible (“proof”
of spiritual things will not come by secular means), and defendable.
LDS
apologists often take a similar approach to that of Elder B.H.
Roberts when he encountered charges by critics: “I do not propose
to dismiss the charges in any such fashion. I propose to grapple
with them, and meet them....” [xliii]
Since
few Latter-day Saints are familiar with apologetics let alone
engaged in apologetics, where does the average member find answers
to hard questions?
- Let the Spirit teach truth. Pray. Study the scriptures.
Search for – and bring to memory – spiritual experiences. Live
a life whereby the Holy Ghost may be a constant source of strength
and inspiration. With a strong spiritual witness to the divinity
of Christ, the prophetic mission of Joseph Smith, and the power
of the Book of Mormon, hard questions can often be set on a
shelf until an answer is found. With a firm testimony of the
Gospel, comes a firm foundation for belief.
Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth
them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house
upon a rock: And the rain descended, and the floods came, and
the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for
it was founded upon a rock. (Matthew 7:24-25).
The learning of the world continues to grow – some of the facts
of yesterday, become the fallacies of tomorrow. If we
put our trust in the “arm of flesh” we will find that things change
very frequently. If, for instance, a nineteenth century Saint
would have left the Church over the obvious (obvious to critics,
that is) use of the female name “Alma” to designate a male in
the Book of Mormon, that same Saint may have lost eternal blessings
only to find that twentieth century research confirms that “Alma”
was indeed an authentic ancient Semitic male name. [xliv]
Sometimes
secular evidence seems convincing for one side one day, and unconvincing
the next day. With a spiritual witness, we can weather out the
times when the tide seems to go against us. It’s also important
to remember that some spiritual truths seem to fly in the face
of current scientific understanding. Jesus’ ability to walk on
water and rise from the dead is contrary to what the laws of science
demand – they must be accepted on faith.
2.
Avoid taking a fundamentalist approach to the
scriptures and prophets. Recognize that the purpose of the scriptures
is to help people understand the Gospel and to open their hearts
to the promptings of the Spirit. As LDS apologist Ross Baron once
said, “The Church is not based on the Bible. The Church is based
on what the Bible is based on: revelation through prophets.” [xlv]
The
scriptures are a means to an end; they are not the source of our
salvation. They are not “histories” in the traditional sense
of the word, but rather a record of God’s dealings with His people.
They are not scientific journals, nor do they contain all the
answers to all questions (if they did, there would be no need
for continuing revelation). According to the prophet Mormon,
the scriptures occasionally contain mistakes – in other words
they are fallible. So likewise, prophets (past and present) –
though inspired leaders, directed by God – are also fallible men.
President Lorenzo Snow, who had a firm testimony that Joseph Smith
was a prophet of God, once said:
“I saw the imperfections in [Joseph Smith] ...I thanked God
that He would put upon a man who had those imperfections the power
and authority He placed upon him... for I knew that I myself had
weaknesses, and I thought there was a chance for me... I thanked
God that I saw these imperfections.” [xlvi]
Prophets and General Authorities, just like you and me, are
also entitled to their own opinions. As noted in the Church-sanctioned
Encyclopedia of Mormonism:
There are many subjects about which the scriptures are not
clear and about which the Church has made no official pronouncements.
In such matters, one can find differences of opinion among Church
members and leaders. Until the truth of these matters is made
known by revelation, there is room for different levels of understanding
and interpretation of unsettled issues. [xlvii]
3.
Familiarize yourself
with those who have answers to difficult question – LDS apologists.
A partial list of sources for such answers include:
a.
LDS.org. The official site for the Church is an unbelievable
resource for information. You can research information from the
scriptures, current and past Church magazines such as Ensign,
Liahona, and more. You can also find conference addresses,
Priesthood and Relief Society Manuals, and lesson material. In
a section entitled, “Mistakes in the News” (under “News Media
Resources”) you can access a limited selection of articles refuting
some popular anti-Mormon issues.
b.
FARMS (The Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies).
This foundation, which began independently in 1979 and was brought
under the umbrella of BYU in 1997, is probably the most
scholarly of all LDS-related organizations. LDS scholars with
training in ancient languages and cultures, anthropology and archaeology,
philosophy and history, contribute regularly to works defending
Mormon beliefs and helping Latter-day Saints understand LDS scriptures
and LDS issues. The FARMS web site, , offers a free section with many articles and
multimedia presentations, as well as a subscriber section
with current and past issues of the Journal of Book of Mormon
Studies and FARMS Review, as well as a gold-mine of
other valuable information.
c.
FAIR (The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research).
This grass-roots, international, non-profit organization began
in 1997 and has quickly grown as the most prominent on-line LDS
apologetics web site. FAIR has produced conferences, articles,
multi-media presentations, and books dealing specifically with
the hard questions and accusations presented by LDS critics.
Their web site, , offers free on-line materials that deal with most
every argument put forth by critics. They also host an e-list
of faithful LDS apologists to whom hard questions can be sent
for answers.
d.
Independent LDS
apologetic-related web sites, including (but not limited to)
, and Jeff Lindsay’s LDS FAQ
“For
it must needs be, that there is opposition in all things” (2 Nephi
2:11). Hard questions are part of the challenges of life and
faith. If secular evidences pointed to a divinely restored Gospel,
there would be no need for faith. It is important to recognize
that there are satisfactory and intelligent answers to hard questions.
We need not worry or despair when faced with hard questions for
which we have no answers. Some answers take time; some answers
are already available but need to be discovered.
LDS
scholars and apologists have answered and continue to answer the
accusations of detractors. Such answers are available from a
number of printed and electronic sources. Foremost, we must strengthen
our relationship with our Heavenly Father so we can remain in
tune with the Holy Spirit. The power of testimony will sustain
us when answers temporarily elude us. The truths of the Gospel
– the divinity of Jesus Christ, the commission of Joseph Smith,
and the power of the Book of Mormon – while often supported (and
regularly defended) by secular evidence, can fully be recognized
only by the power of the Holy Spirit. “And by the power of the
Holy Ghost ye may know the truth of all things” (Moroni 10:5).
[iii] Dennis
Rowley, “The Mormon Experience in the Wisconsin Pineries, 1841-1845,”
BYU Studies, 32:1-2 (Winter and Spring, 1992), 158.
[iv] See http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl
?court=US&vol=378&invol=184 (thanks to Kevin Barney
for alerting me to this quote).
[v]
For examples of factors which generally indicate an anti-Mormon
publication, see Davis Bitton, “Spotting an Anti-Mormon Book,”
at Meridian.com http://www.meridianmagazine.co
m/historybits/030922spotting.html, or FAIR, http://www.fairlds.org/apol/antis/200301.html
[vi] Spencer
W. Kimball, The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball, edited
by Edward L. Kimball (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1982), 462.
[vii]
Joseph Fielding McConkie and Robert L. Millet, Doctrinal
Commentary on the Book of Mormon, 4 vols. (Salt Lake City:
Bookcraft, 1987-1992), 1:122.
[viii] Neal
A. Maxwell, “Becometh As a Child,” Ensign, May 1996, 68.
[ix] Harold
B. Lee, Conference Report, April 1970, General Priesthood
Meeting, 54. When President Lee said that “elder” means “defender”
he was not speaking of the etymological definition of “elder”
but rather as a defining characteristic of those who are elders.
[x] Joseph
Fielding Smith, “The Book of Mormon, A Divine Record,” Improvement
Era (Dec. 1961), 925.
[xi]
See Peter Crawley, “A Bibliography of the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in New York, Ohio, and Missouri,”
BYU Studies (Summer 1972) 12:4, p. 494.
[xii] Craig
Foster, “The Unchanging Ways of Anti-Mormons” 2003 FAIR LDS Apologetics
Conference address. Video copy in author’s possession.
[xiii] George
A. Smith, Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-day
Saints’ Book Depot, 1854-1886), 5:103.
[xiv] Gilbert
Scharffs’ The Truth About “The God Makers” for example,
was written at the request of Church leaders (see Gilbert Scharffs,
The Missionary’s Little Book of Answers [American Fork,
UT: Covenant Communications, 2002], 1). See also Richard Turley’s
response to John Krakauer’s Under The Banner of Heaven
at http://www.lds.org/newsroom/showrelease/0
,15503,3881‑1‑17190,00.html
[xv] See
http://lds.org/newsroom/mistak
es/0,15331,3885‑1,00.html
[xvi] Orson
F. Whitney, Life of Heber C. Kimball (Salt Lake City: Kimball
Family, 1888), 450.
[xvii] Hugh
Nibley, “Archaeology and our Religion,” (Provo: FARMS, 1984),
6.
[xviii] B.H.
Roberts, New Witnesses for God, 3 vols. (Salt Lake City:
Deseret Book, 1909), 2:vi-viii, as quoted in John Welch, “Good
and True,” Expressions of Faith: Testimonies of Latter-day
Saint Scholars, ed., Susan Easton Black (Salt Lake City, Utah:
FARMS and Deseret Book, 1996), 233-4.
[xix]
Ezra Taft Benson, “The Book of Mormon Is the Word
of God,” Ensign, May 1975, 65.
[xx] Glenn
L. Pearson, The Book of Mormon, Key to Conversion (Salt
Lake City: Bookcraft, 1963), 4.
[xxi] Charles
W. Penrose, “Remarks,” 6 October 1891, in Collected Discourses,
comp. and ed. Brian H. Stuy (Sandy, Utah: BHS, 1988), 2:270-1.
Several of the early pro-apologetic quotes used in this paper
were first referenced in Matthew Roper’s, “Unanswered Mormon Scholars,”
a response to Jerald and Sandra Tanner, “Answering Mormon Scholars:
A Response To Criticism Raised by Mormon Defenders,” FARMS
Review of Books (1997), 9:1, pp. 87-145.
[xxii] George
A. Smith, Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-day
Saints’ Book Depot, 1854-1886), 13:178.
[xxiii] B.
H. Roberts, “Answer To Ministerial Association Review,” Improvement
Era, July 1907, 703.
[xxiv] B.
H. Roberts, “Some Objections To the Book of Mormon Answered,”
Improvement Era, March, 1902, 347-8.
[xxv]
Davis Bitton, “‘Strange Ramblings’: The Ideal and
Practice of Sermons in Early Mormonism,” BYU Studies (2002)
41:1, p. 8.
[xxvi] George
Q. Cannon, “Spirit of Light and Truth – Its Value – Its Opposite
Necessary – Final Triumph of Light and Truth,” Journal of Discourses,
26 vols. (London: Latter-day Saints’ Book Depot, 1854-1886),
15:230.
[xxvii] Bruce
R. McConkie, Sermons and Writings of Bruce R. McConkie (Salt
Lake City: Bookcraft, 1998), 233.
[xxviii]
Marvin J. Ashton, Be of Good Cheer (Salt Lake
City: Deseret Book Co., 1987), 10.
[xxix] Ibid.,
9.
[xxxi] James
E. Faust, Reach Up for the Light (Salt Lake City: Deseret
Book Co., 1990), 24.
[xxxii] Wm.
Clayton Kimball, “The Christian Commitment: C.S. Lewis and the
Defense of Doctrine,” BYU Studies (Winter, 1972), 12:2,
194, citing C. S. Lewis, “Learning in War-time,” The Weight
of Glory (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1949), pp. 43-54.
[xxxiii]
Austin Farrer, “The Christian Apologist,” in Light on C.S.
Lewis, ed., Jocelyn Gibb (New York: Harcourt, Brace &
World, 1965), 26.
[xxxiv] John
W. Welch, “The Power of Evidence in Nurturing the Faith,” Nurturing
Faith through the Book of Mormon: The 24th Annual Sidney B. Sperry
Symposium (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1995), 157.
[xxxv] B.H.
Roberts, New Witnesses for God, 3 vols. (Salt Lake City:
Deseret Book, 1909), 2:vi-viii, as quoted in John Welch, “Good
and True,” Expressions of Faith: Testimonies of Latter-day
Saint Scholars, ed., Susan Easton Black (Salt Lake City, Utah:
FARMS and Deseret Book, 1996), 234.
[xxxvi]
John Welch, “The Power of Evidence,” 156-7; citing
Neal A. Maxwell, “The Disciple-Scholar,” in Henry B. Eyring, ed.,
On Being a Disciple-Scholar (SLC: Bookcraft, 1995), 5;
and Neal A. Maxwell, Deposition of a Disciple (SLC: Deseret
Book, 1976), 49.
[xxxvii]
Quoted by Gilbert W. Scharffs, “I Have a Question,” Ensign,
Jan. 1995, 60.
[xxxviii]
Neal Maxwell, “‘All Hell Is Moved,’” in 1977 Devotional Speeches
of the Year (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press,
1977), 179, as quoted in Cory H. Maxwell, ed., The Neal A.
Maxwell Quote Book (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1997), 343.
[xxxix] Hyrum
M. Smith and Janne M. Sjodahl, Doctrine and Covenants Commentary
(Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1978), 423.
[xl] Penrose,
op.cit.
[xli] Anthony
W. Ivins, Conference Report, October 1910, Second Day –
Morning Session 41- 42.
[xlii] Glenn
L. Pearson, The Book of Mormon, Key to Conversion (Salt
Lake City: Bookcraft, 1963), 4.
[xliii] B.
H. Roberts, “Answer To Ministerial Association Review,” Improvement
[xliv] Jeffrey
R. Chadwick, “Sariah in the Elephantine Papyri,” Journal of
Book of Mormon Studies (Fall, 1993), 2:2, pp. 199-200.
[xlv] Ross
Baron, “Feeding the Multitudes: Being Fishers of Men,” FAIR 2001
LDS Apologetics Conference address, http://www.fairlds.org/pubs/conf/2001BarR.html
[xlvi] Neal
A. Maxwell, “Out of Obscurity,” Ensign, Nov. 1984, 10.
[xlvii] M.
Gerald Bradford and Larry E. Dahl, “Doctrine,” Encyclopedia
of Mormonism, 4 vols., ed. Daniel H. Ludlow (New York: Macmillan,
1992), 1:395.